Book 8 / Chapter 14
Paragraph 2 - The Justification of Claims in Friendship
Explanation - Part By Part
"At all events it seems that each party is justified in his claim, and that each should get more out of the friendship than the other"
Aristotle is saying here that both sides in a friendship based on inequality (where one person is superior in a certain way, like virtue, power, or usefulness, and the other is inferior or in need) have valid reasons for expecting something extra from the relationship. It’s not unreasonable for each person to believe they should benefit uniquely from the connection—just in different ways. In other words, both perspectives have merit depending on the nature of the relationship and the expectations involved.
"not more of the same thing, however, but the superior more honour and the inferior more gain"
Aristotle is pointing out a way to resolve the tension in friendships based on inequality, such as those between someone superior in virtue, power, or status and someone less so. He suggests that each person should receive different kinds of rewards from the friendship, based on their respective positions. Specifically:
- The superior individual (e.g., the more virtuous, skilled, or powerful person) should be rewarded with honor, which is fitting for their excellence or generosity. Honor acknowledges their contribution or superiority.
- The inferior individual (e.g., the one who needs help, lacks skills, or is in a weaker position) should benefit in terms of material gain or assistance, which compensates for their vulnerability or need.
In essence, the exchange between them isn’t about equal quantities of the same thing but about each receiving what is appropriate to their role in the relationship. This balance ensures fairness and helps sustain the friendship despite the inherent inequality.
"for honour is the prize of virtue and of beneficence, while gain is the assistance required by inferiority."
In this part, Aristotle is explaining that the benefits each person receives in a friendship based on inequality should align with their respective roles or qualities. For example, the superior person—someone who embodies virtue or contributes significantly to the relationship—deserves honor. Honor here represents recognition or respect for their moral excellence or their acts of generosity. On the other hand, the inferior person—someone in need or lacking resources—should receive gain, meaning practical help or support to address their deficiencies or needs.
The idea is that the relationship stays balanced and just when each person receives what is appropriate to their situation. The superior person doesn’t demand material benefits (gain) because their “reward” is the respect and admiration that their virtue or generosity earns. Conversely, the inferior party doesn’t receive honor but gets the tangible assistance they require to improve their condition. This structure keeps the friendship beneficial for both, despite their differences.