Book 2 / Chapter 3
Paragraph 7 - The Relationship Between Virtue and Pleasure
Explanation - Part By Part
"That virtue, then, is concerned with pleasures and pains,"
Aristotle is stating that virtue (good moral character or excellence) has a strong connection to how we deal with pleasures and pains. Essentially, our ability to handle and respond appropriately to things that bring us joy or discomfort plays a key role in being virtuous. It’s through this balance—properly navigating what feels good and avoiding excess, as well as enduring or facing struggles without being overwhelmed—that virtue reveals itself.
"and that by the acts from which it arises it is both increased and, if they are done differently, destroyed,"
Aristotle is emphasizing that virtue is not static—it develops and grows through repeated actions. If you consistently perform good, virtuous acts, your virtue will strengthen and become a more ingrained part of your character. On the other hand, if the actions you carry out go against virtue (for example, acting selfishly, dishonestly, or unjustly), then your virtue will weaken—or even disappear altogether.
In simpler terms, your habits and repeated behaviors either build up your "moral muscles" or erode them, depending on whether those actions align with virtue or not. Virtue isn't something you just naturally have; it requires effort, practice, and consistency to cultivate and maintain.
"and that the acts from which it arose are those in which it actualizes itself- let this be taken as said."
Aristotle is making an important point about the relationship between actions and virtue. He is saying that the very actions through which a virtue is developed are also the actions where that virtue expresses itself. In other words, you don't just passively have a virtue—virtue is “real” only when you're actually practicing or demonstrating it through your behavior.
For example, courage arises through repeatedly facing fears and acting bravely. But courage isn't just a thing you "own" inside you; it exists and is proven when you continue to act courageously in challenging situations. Aristotle is essentially saying that virtue is not a static trait—it is dynamic and tied to action. This idea reinforces his belief that virtue is something you build and practice over time, and it is sustained and expressed through consistent effort and behavior.